- 2025-07-22
Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction
Total organic carbon (TOC) characterizes the total amount of organic pollutants in water except the carbonate system. In natural water bodies, it mainly comes from plant tannins (typical concentration 1-5 ppm), which leads to increased water color (up to 100 APHA units). The TOC of the reverse osmosis system influent must be strictly controlled at <3 ppm, and industrial emissions may cause this value to increase by 20 times.
Monitoring requirements of key industries
Pharmaceutical industry: TOC of water for injection ≤ 0.5 mg/L (USP standard)
Power industry: Excessive TOC in boiler feed water will cause steam conductivity to double
Beverage production: TOC＞2 ppm affects product flavor stability
High-end hotels: Excessive TOC in shower water leads to the generation of disinfection by-products
TOC removal technology route comparison
Membrane separation technology
Reverse osmosis (RO): Effective molecular weight cutoff＞200 Dalton organic matter (removal rate＞99%)
Nanofiltration (NF): Selectively retain mineral ions, and energy consumption per ton of water is reduced by 35% compared with RO
Synergistic process: Membrane treatment followed by 254nm ultraviolet oxidation, residual TOC can be reduced to μg/L level
Physical and chemical treatment technology
Activated carbon adsorption: Specific surface area＞1000 m²/g, adsorption capacity for phenols reaches 0.4 g/g
Enhanced coagulation: Aluminum salt dosage 40 mg/L, humic acid removal rate> 80%
Advanced oxidation: ozone-hydrogen peroxide system produces OH free radicals, mineralization rate> 95%
Core parameters for engineering selection
Organic matter molecular weight distribution (NF is applicable to <300 Dalton system)
Influent salinity (RO is preferred when TDS> 2000 ppm)
Operating cost (regeneration device is considered when activated carbon replacement cycle is < 6 months)
Disinfection requirements (trihalomethane generation potential THMFP needs to be controlled < 80 μg/L)
Compliance benefits
Meet EPA drinking water THMs < 0.08 mg/L mandatory standard
Pharmaceutical water complies with FDA 21 CFR Part 11 electronic record specifications
Cogeneration plant boiler corrosion rate reduced by 60%
Beverage production line disinfectant consumption reduced by 45%
