Atom

The smallest chemical unit that retains the characteristics of an element

An atom is composed of three basic particles:

Nucleus: Contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (electrically neutral)

Electron: Negatively charged, distributed in nuclear outer orbits in the form of a probability cloud

Key characteristics:

Element specificity: Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons

Electrical neutrality: The number of protons equals the number of electrons (excluding ions)

Quality concentration: 99.9% or higher quality located in the atomic nucleus

Water treatment applications:

Monitoring of radioactive element decay (e.g., uranium nuclear fission)

Analysis of ionized pollutant migration mechanisms (electron transfer process)

Membrane separation technology molecular size definition standard

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